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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusworld</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия и мир: научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia &amp; World: Sc. Dialogue</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИРК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53658/RW2024-4-4(14)-49-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusworld-274</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ, ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЕ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ. Международные отношения, глобальные и региональные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL, GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PROCESSES. International relations, global and regional studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>США: фрагментация политических элит и перспективы российско-американского диалога</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>USA: Political Elites Fragmentation and Russian-American Dialogue Prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-2101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Травкина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Travkina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Травкина Наталья Михайловна - Доктор политических наук. Главный научный сотрудник,</p><p>121069, г. Москва, Хлебный пер., 2/3.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya M. Travkina - DSc. (Polit.). Chief Researcher,</p><p>2/3, Khlebny Lane, Moscow, 121069.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">y17andex.ru@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Соединенных Штатов Америки и Канады имени академика Г. А. Арбатова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the United States of America and Canada named after Academician G.A.Arbatov of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Травкина Н.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Травкина Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Travkina N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/274">https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/274</self-uri><abstract><p>На протяжении последних 30–35 лет в США заметно активизировались исследования роли и трансформации американских элит, в том числе политической элиты. Во второй половине ХХ в. в условиях биполярного мира основное внимание уделялось значению общественных движений как ключевого фактора, определяющего механизм и специфику функционирования политической системы. Но по мере увеличения масштабов глобализационных процессов все большую роль начали играть властные группировки, которые de facto стали именовать себя «элитами», т.е., по сути, избранной частью общества, заметно отличающейся от других социальных слоев и групп размерами богатств, уровнем образования, доступом к широкому кругу привилегий и другими особенностями бытия представителей «высшего света». С политологической и социологической точек зрения изучение элит, в отличие от изучения массовых движений, с самого начала породило большие сложности вследствие закрытого характера большинства элитных группировок, а также размытости и неопределенности их социальных границ. Помимо этого, в США как самой богатой стране западного мира начался процесс трансформации элитных групп и превращения их в олигархические. Параллельно либеральная часть американской политической элиты пришла к выводу о необходимости преобразования традиционной белой элиты американского общества, известной как «белые англосаксонские протестанты», в «цветную» элиту американского общества, состоящую из широкого спектра расово-этнических групп и слоев. Как следствие процессов «цветнизации» американской политической элиты началась ее фрагментация, которая в настоящее время приняла форму ожесточенной борьбы старой белой элиты и приходящей ей на смену многорасовой и полиэтнической. В условиях конкурентной борьбы за выживание резко сузились возможности для российско-американского диалога, который на протяжении большей части существования наших стран шел в русле межгосударственных отношений, а не в рамках межэлитных коммуникаций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over the past 30–35 years, the United States has seen an increase in research into the role and transformation of American elites, including the political elite. In the second half of the 20th century, in the context of a bipolar world, the main focus was on the importance of social movements as a key factor determining the mechanism and specifics of the functioning of the political system. But as globalization processes increased, power groups began to play a major role, which de facto began to call themselves elites, i.e. a select part of society that significantly differs from other social strata and groups in terms of wealth, level of education, access to a wide range of privileges and other features. From a political and sociological perspective, studying elites, unlike studying mass movements, is more difficult due to the closed nature of most elite groups, as well as the vagueness and uncertainty of their social boundaries. In addition, the United States, as the richest country in the Western world, has begun to transform elite groups and turn them into oligarchs. In parallel, the liberal part of the American political elite came to the conclusion about the necessity of transforming the traditional white elite of American society, known as “white Anglo-Saxon Protestants”, into a “colored” elite of American society, consisting of a wide range of racial and ethnic groups and strata. As a consequence of the processes of “colorization” of the American political elite, its fragmentation began, which at present has taken the form of a fierce struggle between the old white elite and the multiracial and multiethnic elite that is replacing it. In the conditions of the competitive struggle for survival, the opportunities for Russian-American dialogue, which for most of the existence of our countries was in the mainstream of interstate relations, and not within the framework of inter-elite communications, have sharply narrowed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политическая элита</kwd><kwd>олигархия</kwd><kwd>неравенство в распределении доходов и богатств</kwd><kwd>меритократия</kwd><kwd>расово-этническое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>Б. Обама</kwd><kwd>Д. Трамп</kwd><kwd>российско-американский диалог</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political elite</kwd><kwd>oligarchy</kwd><kwd>inequality in the distribution of income and wealth</kwd><kwd>meritocracy</kwd><kwd>racial and ethnic diversity</kwd><kwd>B.Obama</kwd><kwd>D.Trump</kwd><kwd>Russian-American dialogue</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аристотель. Сочинения в 4-х томах [Sochineniya v chetireh tomah]. Т. 4. М.: Изд-во «Мысль», 1983. 830 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aristotel. Works in 4 volumes. Vol. 4. Moscow; Misl’ Publising House, 1983:830 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alba R., Moore G. Ethnicity in the American Elite // American Sociological Review. June 1982. 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