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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusworld</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия и мир: научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia &amp; World: Sc. Dialogue</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИРК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53658/RW2025-4-4(18)-194-209</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusworld-357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЛАСТЬ, ПОЛИТИКА, ГОСУДАРСТВО. Политические институты, процессы и технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER, POLITICS, STATE. Political institutions, processes and technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ирано-израильская война: предпосылки, итоги и последствия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Iran-Israel War: Background, Outcome and Consequences</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-476X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сажин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazhin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сажин Владимир Игоревич. Кандидат исторических наук. Старший научный сотрудник</p><p>107031, Москва, ул. Рождественка, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Sazhin. CandSc. (History). Senior Researcher</p><p>Address: 12, Rozhdestvenka St., Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsaj1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>194</fpage><lpage>209</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сажин В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сажин В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sazhin V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/357">https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/357</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе автор предпринял попытку проследить предпосылки, итоги и последствия войны между Ираном и Израилем, которую можно назвать неожиданной, но ожидаемой. Ирано-израильская война лета 2025 г. явилась наиболее острой, вооруженной формой перманентного конфликта между этими странами, длящегося более 45 лет. Основатель и первый лидер Исламской Республики Иран (ИРИ) аятолла Хомейни еще до прихода к власти в своих статьях и речах выступал с критикой Государства Израиль, утверждая незаконность и недопустимость его существования, необходимость его уничтожения. Данная концепция стала стержнем государственной идеологии ИРИ – хомейнизма, или неошиизма. Определяются три этапа противостояния двух стран: первый – конец 80-х гг. ХХ в. – 2003 г., характеризующийся пропагандистской борьбой; второй – 2003 – 2024 гг., где главным фактором стала ядерная программа Ирана, и стороны перешли к обоюдным более активным подрывным действиям. Третий этап, 2024 г. – настоящее время, отличается прямым вооруженным столкновением. Конфликт Ирана и Израиля на протяжении более четырех десятилетий приобретал различные формы – от информационных войн, через прокси-, кибервойны к горячей войне 2025 г. Горячая война ИРИ – Израиль имела свои особенности, основные из которых это расстояние между воюющими сторонами, отсутствие линии боевого соприкосновения, невозможность использования сухопутных сил и приоритет ракетных сил и беспилотников, а также агентурной и космической разведок. Таким образом, летом 2025 г. для Ирана наступил «момент истины», когда решаются вопросы дальнейшей судьбы страны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author attempted to trace the background, outcome, and consequences of the war between Iran and Israel, which can be described as unexpected but expected. The Iran-Israel war in the summer of 2025 was the most acute, armed form of permanent conflict between these countries, which has lasted for over 45 years. Even before coming to power, Ayatollah Khomeini, the founder and first leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), criticized the State of Israel in his articles and speeches, arguing that its existence was illegal and unacceptable, and that its destruction was necessary. This concept has become the core of the state ideology of Iran – Khomeinism or neo-Shiism. There are three distinct stages of confrontation between the two countries. The first was the end of the 80s of the twentieth century, characterized by propaganda confrontation. The second, 2003–2024, saw Iran’s nuclear program become the primary factor, and both sides moved toward more active subversive actions. The third stage, from 2024 to the present, is characterized by direct armed conflict. The Iran-Israel conflict has taken various forms over the course of more than four decades: from information wars, proxy wars, and cyberwars to the “hot” war of 2025. The Iran-Israel war had its own unique characteristics, the most important of which were the distance between the warring parties, the absence of a line of contact, the impossibility of using ground forces, and the priority given to missile forces and drones, as well as human and space intelligence. Thus, the summer of 2025 marked the “moment of truth” for Iran, when the country’s future fate are being resolved.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Иран</kwd><kwd>Израиль</kwd><kwd>ирано-израильский конфликт</kwd><kwd>«Двенадцатидневная война»</kwd><kwd>ядерное оружие</kwd><kwd>последствия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iran</kwd><kwd>Israel</kwd><kwd>Iran-Israel conflict</kwd><kwd>twelve-day war</kwd><kwd>nuclear weapons</kwd><kwd>consequences</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ансари Х. Имам Хомейни. 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