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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusworld</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия и мир: научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia &amp; World: Sc. Dialogue</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИРК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53658/RW2025-4-4(18)-239-254</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusworld-360</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЛАСТЬ, ПОЛИТИКА, ГОСУДАРСТВО. Политические институты, процессы и технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER, POLITICS, STATE. Political institutions, processes and technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генезис научных представлений о военно-гражданских отношениях до XX в.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Genesis of Scientific Ideas About Military-Civil Relations Before the 20th Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8602-2816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салаватов</surname><given-names>И. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salavatov</surname><given-names>I. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салаватов Ильяс Хасымович. Аспирант кафедры политической теории</p><p>119454, г. Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilyas Kh. Salavatov. Postgraduate Student of Department of Political Theory </p><p>Address: 76, Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow, 119454, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">il.salavatov@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>239</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салаватов И.Х., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салаватов И.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salavatov I.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/360">https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/360</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья представляет собой комплексное исследование исторической эволюции военно-гражданских отношений сквозь призму теоретических концепций и идей, сформировавшихся до начала XX в. В работе рассматриваются воззрения мыслителей Античности, Средневековья, эпохи Возрождения и Нового времени относительно формирования военных институтов, принципов рекрутирования, динамики взаимоотношений между военными и гражданскими структурами, а также вопросов разграничения полномочий между военным и политическим руководством, участия военных в государственных переворотах и их взаимодействия с религиозными институтами. Методологической основой исследования является междисциплинарный подход, интегрирующий элементы политической философии, истории военного дела, социологии и культурологии. В рамках данного подхода проводится сравнительный анализ теоретических концепций различных исторических эпох, что позволяет выявить преемственность и трансформацию ключевых идей в контексте изменяющихся социально-политических условий. Результаты исследования демонстрируют высокую значимость обращения к историческому опыту для глубокого понимания современных трансформаций в области военно-гражданских отношений. В частности, анализ античных и средневековых источников позволяет осмыслить генезис концепций гражданского контроля над армией, а также механизмы легитимации военной власти. Эпоха Возрождения и Нового времени, в свою очередь, раскрывает эволюцию идей о профессионализации армии, роли военного лидерства в политической жизни и влиянии религиозных институтов на военную организацию. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам взаимодействия военных и гражданских структур в условиях политических кризисов и нестабильности. Исследование показывает, что исторические прецеденты участия военных в государственных переворотах не только подтверждают их потенциальную роль как политической силы, но и выявляют сложные механизмы взаимодействия с гражданским обществом и политическими элитами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is a comprehensive study of the historical evolution of civil-military relations through the prism of theoretical concepts and ideas formed before the beginning of the 20th century. The work examines the views of thinkers of antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and Modern times regarding the formation of military institutions, the principles of recruitment, the dynamics of relations between military and civilian structures, as well as issues of the division of powers between military and political leadership, military participation in coups and their interaction with religious institutions. The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary approach that integrates elements of political philosophy, military history, sociology and cultural studies. Within the framework of this approach, a comparative analysis of theoretical concepts from different historical eras is carried out, which makes it possible to identify the continuity and transformation of key ideas in the context of changing socio-political conditions. The results of the study demonstrate the high importance of referring to historical experience for a deep understanding of modern transformations in the field of civil-military relations. In particular, the analysis of ancient and medieval sources makes it possible to comprehend the genesis of the concepts of civilian control over the army, as well as the mechanisms of legitimization of military power. The Renaissance and Modern Times, in turn, reveal the evolution of ideas about the professionalization of the army, the role of military leadership in political life, and the influence of religious institutions on military organization. Special attention is paid to the issues of interaction between military and civilian structures in the context of political crises and instability. The study shows that historical precedents of military involvement in coups not only confirm their potential role as a political force, but also reveal complex mechanisms of interaction with civil society and political elites.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>военно-гражданские отношения</kwd><kwd>военные институты</kwd><kwd>военные перевороты</kwd><kwd>частные военные компании</kwd><kwd>рекрутирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>civil-military relations</kwd><kwd>military institutions</kwd><kwd>military coups</kwd><kwd>private military companies</kwd><kwd>recruitment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гоббс Т. Левиафан, или Материя, форма и власть государства церковного и гражданского [Leviathan, or the Matter, Form and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiastical and Civil]. 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