<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusworld</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия и мир: научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia &amp; World: Sc. Dialogue</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИРК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53658/RW2026-4-2(20)-172-182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusworld-404</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ. История международных отношений и внешней политики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE AND MODERNITY. History of international relations and foreign policy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Историческая память китайского народа: последствия японской интервенции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Historical Memory of the Chinese People: the Consequences of the Japanese Intervention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-3042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожухова</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhukhova</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>КОЖУХОВА Кира Евгеньевна. Кандидат политических наук. Доцент. Доцент кафедры политологии</p><p>119034, г. Москва, ул. Остоженка, 38, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira E. KOZHUKHOVA. CandSc. (Polit.). Associate Professor. Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science</p><p>Build. 1, 38, Ostozhenka str., Moscow, 119034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kira.kozhuhova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный лингвистический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Linguistic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кожухова К.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кожухова К.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozhukhova K.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/404">https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/404</self-uri><abstract><p>Вторая китайско-японская война была крупным конфликтом между Китаем и империалистической Японией. Китай оказался особенно уязвим для внешней оккупации: страна была политически разделена, социально фрагментирована и находилась в неблагоприятном экономическом положении. Хотя Китай понес огромные потери, сопротивление, вызванное антипатией народа к нарастающей агрессии Японии, привело к окончательному поражению японских войск. Воспоминания о национальном унижении первоначально подавлялись из-за опасений, что травмирующие события могут подорвать национальное восстановление и государственное строительство. Однако Китай постепенно начал осознавать свою силу в формировании собственного нарратива военного времени. Официальный отчет Китая о Войне сопротивления Японии не только вернул его военным усилиям подобающее место, но и усилил призыв к национализму, представив себя жертвой войны. В Китае в конце XX в. начались организованные государством кампании по увековечиванию памяти о Второй китайско-японской войне. Чтобы еще больше мобилизовать молодежь, незнакомую с потрясениями и унижениями прежнего Китая, была начата кампания по патриотическому воспитанию. Национальный нарратив об унижении является связующей силой между гражданами и родиной, которая усиливает социальную и политическую принадлежность. Позиционирование Китая как жертвы японской интервенции позволяет проводить амбициозную внешнеполитическую программу, направленную на предотвращение повторения унижения. Вместе с тем всплеск националистических настроений может отразиться в политических решениях и поведении Китая на международной арене.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Second Sino-Japanese War was a major conflict between China and imperialist Japan. China proved to be particularly vulnerable to external occupation: the country was politically divided, socially fragmented, and economically disadvantaged. Although China suffered huge losses, the resistance caused by the people’s antipathy to the growing aggression of Japan led to the final defeat of the Japanese forces. Memories of national humiliation were initially suppressed due to fears that traumatic events could undermine national reconstruction and nation-building. However, China gradually began to realize its power in shaping its own wartime narrative. China’s official report on the War of Resistance against Japan not only returned its war effort to its proper place but also reinforced the call for nationalism by presenting itself as a victim of the war. At the end of the 20th century, state-sponsored campaigns began in China to perpetuate the memory of the Second Sino-Japanese War. To further mobilize young people unfamiliar with the shocks and humiliations of the former China, a patriotic education campaign was launched. The national narrative of humiliation is a binding force between citizens and the motherland, which strengthens social and political affiliation. Positioning China as a victim of Japanese intervention allows for an ambitious foreign policy program aimed at preventing a repeat of the humiliation. At the same time, the surge in nationalist sentiments may be reflected in China’s political decisions and behavior in the international arena.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>историческая память</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>интервенция</kwd><kwd>историческая политика</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>historical memory</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>intervention</kwd><kwd>historical policy</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белозёров В.К. Система ценностей и оборона страны [System of Values and Defense of the Country] // Место и роль армии в российском обществе: социологический анализ: материалы научной конференции / под ред. профессора В.И.Добренькова. М.: КДУ, 2007. С. 146–159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belozerov V.K. System of Values and Defense of the Country. In: The Place and Role of the Army in Russian Society: Sociological Analysis: Materials of the Scientific Conference. Ed. by Professor V.I.Dobrenkov. Moscow: KDU [KDU], 2007:146–159 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доронин Б.Г. Китай: Историческая память как основа национальной государственности (взгляд китайского историка) [China: Historical Memory as the Basis of National Statehood (from the Perspective of a Chinese Historian)] // Диалог со временем. 2016. Вып. 54. С. 137–149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doronin B.G. na: Historical Memory as the Basis of National Statehood (from the Perspective of a Chinese Historian). Dialog so vremenem [Dialogue with Time]. 2016; 54:137–149 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киселёва А.Р. Влияние исторической памяти китайцев о Китайско-японской войне 1937– 1945 гг. на современные отношения между Китаем и Японией [Influence of Chinese Historical Memory of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945 on Modern Relations between China and Japan] // Россия в глобальном мире. 2022. № 24(47). С. 23–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiseleva A.R. Influence of Chinese Historical Memory of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945 on Modern Relations between China and Japan. Rossiya v global’nom mire [Russia in the Global World]. 2022; 24(47):23–36 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапина З.Г., Шилин К.И., Дяхова Д.В. Социализм с китайской спецификой (конфуцианские истоки) [Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (Confucian Origins)] // Национальные концепции социализма и судьбы России. М.: ИД Граница, 2004. С. 225–233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapina Z.G., Shilin K.I., Dyakhova D.V. Socialism with Chinese characteristics (Confucian Origins). In: National concepts of socialism and the fate of Russia. Moscow: ID Granica [Publishing house Frontier], 2004:225–233 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ракитянский Н.М. Потенциал и проблемы китайского политического менталитета в эпоху интернета [Potential and Problems of Chinese Political Mentality in the Internet Era] // Государственное управление в эпоху интернета: сборник публикаций Международной научной конференции. Шанхай, 2016. С. 263–280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakityansky N.M. Potential and Problems of Chinese Political Mentality in the Internet Era. Public Administration in the Internet Age: Collection of Publications of the International Scientific Conference. Shanghai, 2016:263–280 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сериков А.Е. Восприятие времени в китайской культуре [Perception of Time in Chinese Culture] // Вестник Самарской гуманитарной академии. Серия «Философия. Филология». 2016. № 2(20). С. 50–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serikov A.E. Perception of Time in Chinese Culture. Vestnik Samarskoi gumanitarnoi akademii. Seriya “Filosofiya. Filologiya” [Bulletin of the Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series “Philosophy. Philology”]. 2016; 2(20):50–61 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихомиров А., Тихомирова К. Китайское миропонимание. Обзор китайской философии [Chinese Worldview. Review of Chinese Philosophy]. М.: Литров, 2022. 86 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhomirov A., Tikhomirova K. Chinese Worldview. Review of Chinese Philosophy. Moscow: Lytrov [Lytrov], 2022. 86 p. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хубриков Б.О. Историческая политика в современном Китае: конструируя прошлое, воображая будущее [Historical Policy in Modern China: Constructing the Past, Imagining the Future] // Международная аналитика. 2022. Т. 13. № 3. С. 145–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khubrikov B.O. Historical Policy in Modern China: Constructing the Past, Imagining the Future. Mezhdunarodnaya analitika [International Analytics]. 2022; 13(3):145–156 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lary D. The Chinese People at War: Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. P. 148–152.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lary D. The Chinese People at War: Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010:148–152 [In English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Guoqi. Historical Memories and China’s Changing Views of East Asia // The Journal of AmericanEast Asian Relations. 2002. Vol. 11. № 1/4. P. 41–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Guoqi. Historical Memories and China’s Changing Views of East Asia. The Journal of AmericanEast Asian Relations. 2002; 11(1/4):41–57 [In English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Lijun. A Clash of Nationalisms: Sino-Japanese Relations in the Twenty-First Century // China-Japan Relations in the 21st Century: Antagonisms Despite Interdependency / ed. Lam Peng Er. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. P. 88–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Lijun. A Clash of Nationalisms: Sino-Japanese Relations in the Twenty-First Century. In: China-Japan Relations in the 21st Century: Antagonisms Despite Interdependency. Ed. Lam Peng Er. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017:88–89 [In English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng Wang. National Humiliation, History Education, and the Politics of Historical Memory: Patriotic Education Campaign in China // International Studies Quarterly. 2008. Vol. 52. № 4. P. 784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng Wang. National Humiliation, History Education, and the Politics of Historical Memory: Patriotic Education Campaign in China. International Studies Quarterly. 2008; 52(4):784 [In English].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">中国站路文化换成与发展 [Наследие и развитие китайской стратегической культуры]. [The Inheritance and Development of Chinese Strategic Culture]. 北京 (Пекин): 時事出版社 (Издательство «Текущие события»), 2008. 頁 (страница) 71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">中国站路文化换成与发展. 北京. 時事出版社, 2008. 頁71. (The Inheritance and Development of Chinese Strategic Culture. Beijing: Shishi Сhubanshe, 2008:71) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">习近平外交思想学习问答 (Вопросы и ответы по изучению дипломатической мысли Си Цзиньпина) [Questions and Answers on Studying Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Thought]. 北京 (Пекин): 人民出版社 (Народное издательство), 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">习近平外交思想学习问答. 北京. 人民出版社, 2023 (Questions and Answers on Studying Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Thought. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2023) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">国际形势和中国外交蓝皮书. 2023/2024 (Данные о международной ситуации и «Синяя книга китайской дипломатии». 2023/2024) [International Situation and China’s Blue Book of Diplomacy. 2023/2024]. 北京 (Пекин), 2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">国际形势和中国外交蓝皮书. 2023/2024. 北京, 2024 (International Situation and China’s Blue Book of Diplomacy. 2023-2024. Beijing, 2024) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">李榭熙. 中國的第三世界政策與地緣政治策略 (Ли Cеси. Политика Третьего мира и геостратегическая стратегия Китая) [China’s Third World Policy and Geostrategic Strategy] // 香港社會科學學報 (Гонконгский журнал социальных наук). 2009. 春-夏(Весна-лето). 頁 (страница) 139–161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">李榭熙. 中國的第三世界政策與地緣政治策略. 香港社會科學學報. 2009. 春-夏. 頁 139–161. (Li Xiexi. China’s Third World Policy and Geostrategic Strategy. Xianggang shehui kexue baо [Hong Kong Social Science Journal]. 2009; Spring–Summer:139–161) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">王岳川, 胡淼森. 文化战略 (Ван Юечуань, Ху Мяосэн. Культурная стратегия) [Cultural Strategy]. 上 海 (Шанхай): 复旦大学出版社出版 (Издательство университета Фу дань), 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">王岳川, 胡淼森. 文化战略. 上海: 复旦大学出版社出版, 2010 (Wang Yuechuan, Hu Miaoxian. Cultural Strategy. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2010) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">王帆. 中国外校战略选择 (Ван Фань. Дипломатический стратегический выбор Китая) [Diplomatic Strategic Choice of China]. 北京 (Пекин), 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">王帆. 中国外校战略选择. 北京, 2023 (Wang Fan. Diplomatic Strategic Choice of China. Beijing, 2023) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">葉江. 全球治理與中國的大國戰略轉型 (Е Цзян. Глобальное управление и Большая стратегия Китая) [Global Governance and China’s Grand Strategy]. 北京 (Пекин): 時事出版社 (Издательство «Текущие события»), 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">葉江. 全球治理與中國的大國戰略轉型. 北京: 時事出版社, 2010 (Ye Jiang. Global Governance and China’s Grand Strategy. Beijing: Shishi Chubanshe, 2010) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">韩源.中国国家文化安全形势与站路(Хань Юань. Ситуация и стратегия национальной культурной безопасности Китая) [Situation and Strategy of China’s National Cultural Security]. 北京 (Пекин): 光明日报出版社 (Издательство газеты «Гуанмин»), 2023. 頁 (страница) 162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">韩源.中国国家文化安全形势与站路. 北京: 光明日报出版社, 2023. 頁 162. (Han Yuan. Situation and Strategy of China’s National Cultural Security. Beijing: Guangming Daily Press. 2023:162) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">齐建华.影响中国外交决策的五大因素 (Ци Цзянхуа. Пять факторов, влияющих на дипломатические решения Китая) [Five Factors Influencing China’s Diplomatic Decisions]. 中央编译出版社出版 (Центральное издательство сборников), 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">齐建华.影响中国外交决策的五大因素. 中央编译出版社出版, 2010 (Qi Jianghua. Five Factors Influencing China’s Diplomatic Decisions. Central Compilation Press. 2010) [In Chinese].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
