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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusworld</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия и мир: научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia &amp; World: Sc. Dialogue</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИРК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53658/RW2026-4-2(20)-183-195</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusworld-405</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ. История международных отношений и внешней политики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE AND MODERNITY. History of international relations and foreign policy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вклад русских ученых XIX – начала XX в. в изучение исторической географии Центральной Азии в доисламский период</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Contribution of Russian Scientists of the 19th – early 20th Century to the Study of the Historical Geography of Central Asia in the Pre-Islamic Period</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6540-0915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходжаева</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khojaeva</surname><given-names>N. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ХОДЖАЕВА Наргис Джомиевна. Доктор исторических наук. Ведущий научный сотрудник отдела древней, средневековой и новой истории </p><p>734025, пр. Рудаки, 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nargis J. KHOJAEVA. DSc. (Hist.). Leading Researcher of Department of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern History</p><p>33, Rudaki Avenue, Dushanbe, 734025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rangha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт истории, археологии и этнографии имени А.Дониша&#13;
Национальной академии наук Таджикистана</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography named after A.Donish, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>183</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ходжаева Н.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ходжаева Н.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khojaeva N.J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/405">https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/405</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу вклада отечественных ученых XIX – начала XX столетия в формирование научной историографии исторической географии Центральной Азии домонотеистического (доисламского) периода. В центре внимания находится интерпретация авестийской географической традиции, реконструируемой на основе корпуса письменных памятников, среди которых ключевое место занимают тексты «Авесты» и последующая пехлевийская литература. Автор проводит детальный критический разбор отчетов и дневников русских научных экспедиций, в которых систематически фиксировались топонимические, гидрографические и орографические характеристики региона, а также его этнокультурные и антропологические особенности. Применение междисциплинарной методологии, интегрирующей методы картографирования, герменевтический анализ письменных источников и эмпирические полевые наблюдения, позволило впервые осуществить комплексную систематизацию и локализацию древнейших географических объектов Центральной Азии. Особое значение придается идентификации оронимов и гидронимов, упоминаемых в авестийском каноне, и их корреляции с современной географической номенклатурой. В статье также рассматривается эвристический потенциал этих изысканий для реконструкции этнокультурной идентичности таджикского народа как прямого этногенетического и культурного преемника древнеиранских этносов, а также для воссоздания историко-культурного ландшафта, в лоне которого происходило становление и развитие зороастрийской религиозной традиции. Собранные и проанализированные русскими исследователями материалы представляют собой уникальный источниковый базис для дальнейших академических штудий в области авестийской географии и биографической реконструкции жизненного пути пророка Заратуштры. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the contribution of Russian scientists of the XIX – early XX centuries to the formation of scientific historiography of the historical geography of Central Asia of the pre-monotheistic (pre-Islamic) period. The focus is on the interpretation of the Avestan geographical tradition, reconstructed on the basis of a body of written monuments, among which the texts of the Avesta and subsequent Pahlavi literature occupy a key place. The author conducts a detailed critical analysis of the reports and diaries of Russian scientific expeditions, which systematically recorded the toponymic, hydrographic and orographic characteristics of the region, as well as its ethnocultural and anthropological features. The application of an interdisciplinary methodology integrating mapping methods, hermeneutic analysis of written sources and empirical field observations allowed for the first time to carry out a comprehensive systematization and localization of the oldest geographical objects of Central Asia. Special importance is attached to the identification of oronyms and hydronyms mentioned in the Avestan canon and their correlation with modern geographical nomenclature. The article also examines the heuristic potential of these studies for reconstructing the ethno-cultural identity of the Tajik people as a direct ethnogenetic and cultural successor of the ancient Iranian ethnic groups, as well as for recreating the historical and cultural landscape in which the formation and development of the Zoroastrian religious tradition took place. The materials collected and analyzed by Russian researchers represent a unique source base for further academic studies in the field of Avestan geography and biographical reconstruction of the life path of the Prophet Zarathustra.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Центральная Азия</kwd><kwd>историческая география</kwd><kwd>«Авеста»</kwd><kwd>Памир</kwd><kwd>русские исследователи</kwd><kwd>топонимия</kwd><kwd>гидронимы</kwd><kwd>этнография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Central Asia</kwd><kwd>historical geography</kwd><kwd>Avesta</kwd><kwd>Pamirs</kwd><kwd>Russian scholars</kwd><kwd>toponymy</kwd><kwd>hydronyms</kwd><kwd>ethnography</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья написана в рамках проекта «История таджикского народа» (III – начало XX в.).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written within the framework of the project “History of the Tajik people” (III – early XX century).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авеста в русских переводах (1861–1996) [The Avesta in Russian Translations (1861–1996)]. 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