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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusworld</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия и мир: научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia &amp; World: Sc. Dialogue</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИРК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53658/RW2026-4-2(20)-225-241</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusworld-408</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЛАСТЬ, ПОЛИТИКА, ГОСУДАРСТВО. Политические институты, процессы и технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER, POLITICS, STATE. Political institutions, processes and technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От забвения к признанию: политика памяти в Испании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From Oblivion to Recognition: Memory Politics in Spain</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-7333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пупышева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pupysheva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ПУПЫШЕВА Мария Владимировна. Кандидат политических наук. Доцент кафедры лингвистики и профессиональной коммуникации в области медиатехнологий </p><p>119034, г. Москва, Остоженка, 38, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. PUPYSHEVA. CandSc. (Polit.). Associate Professor of Department of Linguistics and Professional Communication in Media Technologies </p><p>Build. 1, 38, Ostozhenka str., Moscow, 119034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pupysheva.maria@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный лингвистический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Linguistic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>225</fpage><lpage>241</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пупышева М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пупышева М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pupysheva M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/408">https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/408</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена изменениям политики памяти в Испании с момента перехода к демократии (1975–1982) до наших дней, где ключевой проблемой является конфликт между официальным «пактом забвения» (амнистия 1977 г., Конституция 1978 г.) и растущим давлением активистов, общественности и мемориальных организаций. Исследование было разделено на три этапа: консенсусный переход, характеризующийся замалчиванием прошлого; «войны памяти» 1990–2000-х гг., основанные на столкновении интересов мемориальных организаций (в частности, Ассоциации по восстановлению исторической памяти и Фонда Франсиско Франко) и разрушении мифа о «двух Испаниях»; институционализация (несмотря на сопротивление правых сил). Анализ показывает, что политика памяти Испании трансформировалась с течением времени: от консенсусного «пакта забвения» переходного периода (1975–1982) к открытому противостоянию благодаря активизму снизу и институциональным сдвигам сверху. Законы об исторической (2007) и демократической памяти (2022) ознаменовали начало процесса по признанию жертв, однако опросы показывают рост поляризации в обществе и ностальгии по прошлому среди молодежи. Использованные методы включают анализ законодательства и данных Центра социологических исследований Испании, дискурс-анализ СМИ и выступлений официальных лиц. Память о Гражданской войне и диктатуре превратилась в инструмент политической легитимизации, приведшей к новым «войнам памяти», лишь усиливающим раскол между правыми и левыми партиями современной Испании. Автор заключает, что отсутствие консенсуса препятствует примирению и объективному осмыслению Гражданской войны и диктатуры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the evolution of memory politics in Spain from the transition to democracy (1975–1982) to the present day. The central issue is the conflict between the official “pact of oblivion” (1977 Amnesty, 1978 Constitution) and mounting pressure from activists, the public, and memorial organizations. The study is structured around three stages: the consensus transition marked by silencing the past; the “memory wars” of the 1990s–2000s, driven by clashes between memorial organizations (notably the Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory and the Francisco Franco Foundation) and the dismantling of the “two Spains” myth; and institutionalization despite resistance from right-wing forces. Analysis demonstrates that Spain’s memory politics has transformed over time: from the consensus “pact of oblivion” of the transitional period (1975–1982) to open confrontation fueled by bottom-up activism and top-down institutional shifts. The Historical Memory Law (2007) and Democratic Memory Law (2022) initiated victim recognition processes; however, surveys from Spain’s Sociological Research Center reveal growing societal polarization and nostalgia among youth. Methods employed include legislative analysis, Sociological Research Center data review, discourse analysis of media and official statements. Memory of the Civil War and dictatorship has become a tool of political legitimization, sparking new “memory wars” that only exacerbate divisions between right- and left-wing parties in contemporary Spain. The author concludes that the lack of consensus hinders reconciliation and objective reckoning with the Civil War and dictatorship.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политика памяти</kwd><kwd>пакт забвения</kwd><kwd>франкизм</kwd><kwd>закон об исторической памяти</kwd><kwd>закон о демократической памяти</kwd><kwd>мемориальные организации</kwd><kwd>«войны памяти»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>memory politics</kwd><kwd>pact of oblivion</kwd><kwd>Francoism</kwd><kwd>historical memory law</kwd><kwd>democratic memory law</kwd><kwd>memorial organizations</kwd><kwd>“memory wars”</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гранцева Е.О. Закон о демократической памяти в Испании: попытка консолидации или новая фаза конфликта? 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