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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusworld</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия и мир: научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia &amp; World: Sc. Dialogue</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИРК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53658/RW2026-4-3(21)-140-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusworld-422</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗМЕНЯЮЩИЙСЯ СОЦИУМ. Социальная структура, социальные институты и процессы. Политическая социология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHANGING SOCIETY. Social structure, social institutions and processes</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Государство против общества: социально-политический анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State VS Society: a Socio-Political Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бордо</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bordeaux</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бордо Пьер. Преподаватель. Научный сотрудник. Социолог организаций и проектов территориального развития</p><p>Париж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pierre Bordeaux. Associate professor and researcher, sociologist of organizations and territorial development projects</p><p>Paris</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Париж XII Пари-Эст Кретей</institution><country>Франция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Paris XII Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC)</institution><country>France</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бордо П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бордо П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bordeaux P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/422">https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/422</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу долгосрочного процесса формирования государства как внутренне присущей обществу инстанции, возникающей из дифференциации социального организма и сопровождаемой монополизацией политических функций, производства норм и средств насилия. Опираясь на традицию политической антропологии (П.Кластр, М.Годелье, Ч.Тилли) и социально-исторический подход, автор показывает, что конститутивное насилие, лежащее в основе первоначального отделения правящей группы от остального общества, не исчезает с институционализацией государственных структур, но переходит в латентную форму, вновь актуализируясь в кризисных ситуациях. Бюрократические и административные механизмы, развиваясь на принципах рациональности, расчета и процедурной дисциплины, закрепляют автономию государственного аппарата, превращая его в самореферентную инстанцию, способную навязывать свои правила обществу как извне, так и через интернализацию государственных норм самими индивидами. Особое внимание уделяется тому, как режимы исключения, войны, терроризм, экономические кризисы и пандемии делают видимыми глубинные механизмы структурного давления государства на общество и нормализуют широкую гамму контролирующих и ограничительных практик, которые затем закрепляются в повседневном управлении. В статье рассмотрены различные формы реакций общества – от открытых восстаний и плебейского «ухода» до повседневного сопротивления и символических конфигураций разрыва. Автор подчеркивает контингентный характер возможных развязок и указывает, что траектории социального преобразования остаются радикально непредсказуемыми, несмотря на кажущуюся безальтернативность «цивилизации государства» и многовековую тенденцию к усилению государственного контроля над обществом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article analyzes the long-term process of state formation as an inherent institution within society, emerging from the differentiation of the social organism and accompanied by the monopolization of political functions and the production of norms and means of violence. Drawing on the tradition of political anthropology (P.Clastres, M.Godelier, C.Tilly) and a socio-historical approach, the author demonstrates that the constitutive violence underlying the initial separation of the ruling group from the rest of society does not disappear with the institutionalization of state structures but rather becomes latent, resurfacing in crisis situations. Bureaucratic and administrative mechanisms, developing on the principles of rationality, calculation, and procedural discipline, consolidate the autonomy of the state apparatus, transforming it into a self-referential authority capable of imposing its rules on society both from without and through the internalization of state norms by individuals themselves. Particular attention is paid to how regimes of exception, wars, terrorism, economic crises, and pandemics expose the deep mechanisms of the state’s structural pressure on society and normalize a wide range of controlling and restrictive practices that are subsequently entrenched in everyday governance. The article examines various forms of societal responses, from open rebellions and plebeian “exit” to everyday resistance and symbolic configurations of rupture. The author emphasizes the contingent nature of possible outcomes and points out that the trajectories of social transformation remain radically unpredictable, despite the apparent lack of alternatives to the “civilization of the state” and the centuries-old trend toward increasing state control over society.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отделение государства от общества</kwd><kwd>конститутивное насилие</kwd><kwd>социальное неравенство</kwd><kwd>социальное недомогание</kwd><kwd>политическая антропология</kwd><kwd>бюрократия</kwd><kwd>государственное давление</kwd><kwd>повседневное сопротивление</kwd><kwd>социальные преобразования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>separation of state and society</kwd><kwd>constitutive violence</kwd><kwd>social inequality</kwd><kwd>social malaise</kwd><kwd>political anthropology</kwd><kwd>bureaucracy</kwd><kwd>state pressure</kwd><kwd>everyday resistance</kwd><kwd>social transformation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agamben G. 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