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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rusworld</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Россия и мир: научный диалог</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia &amp; World: Sc. Dialogue</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-3067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИИРК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53658/RW2022-2-1(3)-124-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rusworld-48</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE AND CONTEMPORANEITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Древний Хорезм в эпоху раннего железного века (Модели формирования социально-экономической структуры древних обществ на территории Южного Приаралья по археологическим данным)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ancient Khorezm in the era of the Early Iron age. (Models of the formation of the socio-economic structure of ancient societies on the territory of the Southern Aral Sea region according to the archeological data)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1423-293X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болелов</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolelov</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>БОЛЕЛОВ Сергей Борисович, кандидат исторических наук, заведующий Отделом истории материальной культуры и древнего искусства</p><p>Москва, Никитский бульвар, 12а, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey B. BOLELOV, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of the History of Material Culture and Ancient Art</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BSB1958@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный музей искусств народов Востока</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Museum of the East</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Болелов С.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Болелов С.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bolelov S.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/48">https://www.russia-world.ru/jour/article/view/48</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной статье рассматривается ранний период становления земледельческой цивилизации на территории древней дельты Амударьи в Южном Приаралье – Древнего Хорезма. Основной проблемой, которая долгие годы остается дискуссионной, является время начального этапа становления древнеземледельческой культуры и урбанизации на территории Хорезма. Кроме того, до настоящего времени не до конца ясна роль автохтонного населения низовьев Амударьи в этих процессах, а также степень влияния на них земледельческих культур юга Средней Азии. На основании археологических источников в эпохе раннего железного века Хорезма – VII–V вв. до н.э. выделяются два этапа. На раннем, сако-куюсайском этапе, VII – начало VI в. до н.э. – начало постоянного обводнения Присаракамышской дельты на территории Левобережья Амударьи в результате взаимодействия двух различных по происхождению и по способу ведения хозяйства групп скотоводов – формируется довольно устойчивая палеоэкономическая система, основой которой было преимущественно отгонное пастбищное скотоводство и примитивное мотыжное земледелие. В стационарных поселениях оседлых скотоводов (Куюсайская культура) функционировало общинное ремесленное производство. Второй этап – архаический период истории Хорезма (VI–V вв. до н.э.) характеризуется внедрением передовых технологий (ирригация, строительство, гончарное производство), которые появились на территории Южного Приаралья в результате мощного культурного импульса из южных древнеземледельческих областей Средней Азии. В этот период кардинально изменяется палеоэкономическая система историко-культурной области, где доминантой становится земледелие на базе искусственного орошения. При этом необходимо подчеркнуть, что эти изменения не связаны со сменой населения. Хорезмийская земледельческая культура в период РЖВХ-II рождается в результате взаимодействия автохтонного, преимущественно скотоводческого, сако-куюсайского населения Присаракамышья и групп земледельцев и ремесленников, выходцев из древнеземледельческих областей юга Средней Азии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the early period of the formation of agricultural civilization on the territory of the ancient delta of the Amu Darya river in the southern Aral Sea region - Ancient Khorezm. The basic problem, that has remained debatable for many years, is the time of the initial stage of the ancient agricultural culture formation and urbanization on the territory of Khoresm. Besides until the recent time the role of autochtonous polulation on the lower reaches of the Amu Darya in these processes is not so clear, as well as the degree of the influence of agricultural cultures of the south of the Middle Asia on them. Based on archaeological sources in the era of the early Iron Age of Khorezm – VII-V centuries BC, two stages are singled out. The early - Sako-Kuyusai stage, VII- early VI BC was the beginning of the permanent flooding of the Near-Kamysh delta on the territory of the Left Bank of the Amu Darya, as a result of the interaction of two groups of pastoralists, different in origin and in the way of farming; a fairly stable paleoeconomical system is being formed, the basis of which was mainly pasture cattle breeding and primitive hoe farming. Community handicraft production functioned in stationary settlements of settled cattle breeders (Kuyusai culture). The second stage is the archaic period of the history of Khorezm (VI-V centuries BC) is characterized by the introduction of advanced technologies (irrigation, construction, pottery) that appeared on the territory of the southern Aral Sea region as a result of a powerful cultural impulse from the southern ancient agricultural regions of Central Asia. During this period, the paleoeconomical system of the historical and cultural region is radically changing; agriculture there, based on artificial irrigation, becomes dominant. At the same time, it should be emphasized that these changes are not related to the change of population. The Khorezm agricultural culture in the period of the RSVC-II was born as a result of the interaction of the autochthonous, mainly pastoral, Sako- Kuyusai population of the Near-Kama region and groups of farmers and artisans, natives of the ancient agricultural regions of the south of Central Asia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Южное Приаралье</kwd><kwd>Древний Хорезм</kwd><kwd>городище</kwd><kwd>курганный могильник</kwd><kwd>ирригация</kwd><kwd>археологический комплекс</kwd><kwd>лепная керамика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Southern Aral Sea region</kwd><kwd>Ancient Khorezm</kwd><kwd>ancient settlement</kwd><kwd>burial mound</kwd><kwd>irrigation</kwd><kwd>archaeological complex</kwd><kwd>stucco ceramics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баратов, С.Р. 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