Political Aspects and Features of Migration Processes in the Kyrgyz Republic: Modern Trends and Challenges

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of political aspects and features of migration processes in the Kyrgyz Republic in the context of globalization, internal transformation, and demographic changes. The relevance of this study is due to the rapid growth in external and internal migration, which has a multidimensional impact on political stability, election processes, inter-ethnic relations, and social stability in the country. The research was conducted using an interdisciplinary approach that combines political science, sociology, economics, and legal analysis, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of migration’s impact on Kyrgyzstan’s political system. Particular attention is paid to the role of the state in migration management, the fragmentation of institutional mechanisms, and poor coordination between agencies. The author identifies key challenges, including the outflow of able-bodied populations, rising social tensions, demographic and regional imbalances, political mobilization of migrants, and manipulations with voter registration that affect electoral processes and the formation of political culture. Examples of transformation of political space in urbanization and internal migration contexts are analyzed, and practical recommendations for improving Kyrgyz migration policy are presented, including development of regional infrastructure, programs for social adaptation and integration of migrants, systematic monitoring of political activity, and provision of legal and social guarantees. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a coherent, long-term, strategically-oriented policy aimed at increasing political inclusion, the stability of government institutions, and strengthening national security in the context of migration.