International Broadcasting and Track-II Diplomacy: From the Origins of the Intersection to the Present

This article examines the concepts of “foreign broadcasting” (also known as international or foreign broadcasting) and “Track-II diplomacy” as interconnected tools of international communication. An analysis of historical data suggests that currently, foreign broadcasting is increasingly evolving from propaganda to dialogue, pushing track two diplomacy to shift from closed meetings to public campaigns. Track- II diplomacy is also changing under the influence of media: the range of participants is expanding; now, not only academics but also bloggers and activists can use media platforms for dialogue. Media act as a catalyst for these processes, facilitating the diversification of participants in diplomatic interaction. The active use of digital platforms creates a unique synergy between international broadcasting, media, and Track-II diplomacy, transforming them into complementary tools in the context of contemporary international communication. International broadcasting, media and Track-II diplomacy are arguably integrating into a unified system, becoming integral parts of both traditional and informal diplomatic interactions. These are becoming complementary tools for contemporary international communication that invariably become part of diplomatic interactions, both traditional and non-traditional. In the context of globalisation and the emergence of multipolarity, the future of these phenomena lies in the co-evolution of media platforms and non-formal diplomacy. This reflects broader trends in international relations where communication technologies play an increasingly significant role shaping the global political landscape.

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