The Genesis of Scientific Ideas About Military-Civil Relations Before the 20th Century

The article is a comprehensive study of the historical evolution of civil-military relations through the prism of theoretical concepts and ideas formed before the beginning of the 20th century. The work examines the views of thinkers of antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and Modern times regarding the formation of military institutions, the principles of recruitment, the dynamics of relations between military and civilian structures, as well as issues of the division of powers between military and political leadership, military participation in coups and their interaction with religious institutions. The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary approach that integrates elements of political philosophy, military history, sociology and cultural studies. Within the framework of this approach, a comparative analysis of theoretical concepts from different historical eras is carried out, which makes it possible to identify the continuity and transformation of key ideas in the context of changing socio-political conditions. The results of the study demonstrate the high importance of referring to historical experience for a deep understanding of modern transformations in the field of civil-military relations. In particular, the analysis of ancient and medieval sources makes it possible to comprehend the genesis of the concepts of civilian control over the army, as well as the mechanisms of legitimization of military power. The Renaissance and Modern Times, in turn, reveal the evolution of ideas about the professionalization of the army, the role of military leadership in political life, and the influence of religious institutions on military organization. Special attention is paid to the issues of interaction between military and civilian structures in the context of political crises and instability. The study shows that historical precedents of military involvement in coups not only confirm their potential role as a political force, but also reveal complex mechanisms of interaction with civil society and political elites.

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