The New Architecture of External Labor Migration in the Kyrgyz Republic: A Multi-Vector Strategy and Reintegration of Migrants

The article reveals the conceptual and practical foundations of the formation of a new architecture for external labor migration in the Kyrgyz Republic within the context of modern global transformations and socio-economic challenges. The relevance of the topic is due to changes in international migration regimes, a decrease in the stability of traditional labor markets, and the need to develop a multi-vector strategy that ensures the diversification of labor mobility and increases the sustainability of the national economy. The research is based on a systematic and interdisciplinary approach, including comparative, structural, functional, and content analysis of regulations, statistical data, and analytical materials from international organizations. The key areas of Kyrgyzstan’s international cooperation with IOM, ILO, UNDP, ICMPD and JICA, as well as institutional mechanisms for the development of organized forms of labor migration, certification of qualifications and digitalization of migration management are considered. Special attention is paid to the issues of reintegration of returning migrants in the context of the transformation of the domestic labor market. The socio-demographic structure of the returnees, their professional competencies, as well as measures of state and international support, including preferential lending programs, grant initiatives, retraining and the Mekenim 1+1 project are analyzed. The need to integrate migrants into the country’s economic system through the development of small businesses, job creation and financial literacy is emphasized. The results of the study indicate the formation of a new institutionally stable model of migration policy in Kyrgyzstan. This model combines external multi-vector strategies with internal socio-economic adaptation aimed at effectively use of migrants’ human capital and strengthening national security.

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